Summary of the Benefits and Risk of taking Epicatechin (Flavonoid)

Summary of the Benefits and Risk of taking Epicatechin (Flavonoid)

February 23, 2025

Abstract

Epicatechin is an antioxidant flavonoid found in cacao, dark chocolate, cupuaçu, and many berries that may have health benefits. [1, 2, 3]. Possible side effects include: Gastrointestinal discomfort, Increased blood pressure, and Increased heart rate. Typical dosage levels are 100 mg to 300 mg per day.

Specific Findings – from Webmd.com Brain health [1, 4]

· Epicatechin may help with cognition, blood flow, and learning and memory

· It may also lower the risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease Skin health [5]

· Epicatechin may protect skin from sun damage, improve blood flow, and make skin smoother Inflammation [2]

· Epicatechin may reduce inflammation that may play a role in cancer Heart health [3]

· Epicatechin is associated with a lower risk of stroke and heart failure Physical performance [1]

· Cacao’s flavanols may boost physical performance by influencing how the body uses nitric oxide Other health benefits [4]

· Epicatechin may help with brain perfusion, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis

· It may also improve various aspects of cognition in humans and animals

Epicatechin is also found in berries like blackberries, raspberries, strawberries, black plums, sweet cherries, and red grapes. [6]

 

 

 

 

References – Webmd.com

[1] https://www.webmd.com/diet/health-benefits-cacao-powder [2] https://www.webmd.com/diet/health-benefits-cupuacu [3] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2993198/ [4] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3575938/ [5] https://www.webmd.com/beauty/ss/slideshow-reducing-wrinkles [6] https://www.webmd.com/diet/features/antioxidants-in-fruits

 

 

Additional findings from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)

 

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has funded research on epicatechin, a flavanol found in dark chocolate and cocoa. Studies have shown that epicatechin may help with muscle differentiation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and exercise capacity. [1, 2, 3, 4]

Research findings [4] from NIH

Muscle differentiation

Epicatechin can promote skeletal muscle differentiation and counteract protein degradation. [4]

Mitochondrial biogenesis Epicatechin can increase mitochondrial biogenesis in the heart and skeletal muscle. [2]

Exercise capacity Epicatechin can increase exercise capacity. [2]

Anti-aging

Epicatechin can improve survival, delay skeletal muscle degeneration, and protect against age-related declines in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. [5]

Sarcopenia

Epicatechin can partially reverse the effects of aging on modulators of muscle growth and differentiation. [3]

Additional information [4, 6]

· Epicatechin is a polyphenol compound and a member of the flavonoid class of organic compounds. [4, 6] · The most abundant flavanol in dark chocolate is (–)-epicatechin. [1] · Epicatechin is thought to have health-promoting biological activity. [1] · Epicatechin can induce vasodilation of the femoral artery. [1]

References – from NIH

[1] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6308990/ [2] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7898288/ [3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24314870/ [4] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10818576/ [5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30096038/ [6] http://exposome-explorer.iarc.fr/compounds/1786

 

Possible Side Effects –

 

Epicatechin is a flavonoid found in cocoa, tea, and other foods. While generally considered safe, some potential side effects include:

· Gastrointestinal discomfort:

Some individuals may experience mild stomach upset, nausea, or heartburn after consuming high amounts of epicatechin.

· Increased blood pressure:

In some studies, epicatechin has been shown to slightly increase blood pressure, although this effect is typically small and transient.

· Increased heart rate:

Similar to blood pressure, epicatechin may slightly increase heart rate in some individuals.

 

Disclaimer

These statements have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FAQ – Epicatechin (Flavonoid)

Q1: What is epicatechin?
A: Epicatechin is a naturally occurring flavonoid (polyphenol) found in cacao, dark chocolate, cupuaçu, and various berries. It is known for its antioxidant properties and potential health benefits.

Q2: What are the main health benefits of epicatechin?
A: Epicatechin may support brain health, improve cognition and memory, enhance blood flow, protect the skin, reduce inflammation, support heart health, boost exercise performance, and promote muscle differentiation and mitochondrial function.

Q3: Can epicatechin help with aging?
A: Yes, research suggests that epicatechin may have anti-aging effects by delaying skeletal muscle degeneration, improving exercise capacity, and protecting against age-related declines in certain metabolic pathways.

Q4: What foods are high in epicatechin?
A: Epicatechin is abundant in dark chocolate and cacao, as well as in berries such as blackberries, raspberries, strawberries, black plums, sweet cherries, and red grapes.

Q5: What is the recommended dosage of epicatechin?
A: Typical dosages range from 100 mg to 300 mg per day, depending on individual health goals and dietary sources.

Q6: Are there any side effects of taking epicatechin?
A: While generally considered safe, potential side effects may include mild gastrointestinal discomfort, slight increases in blood pressure, and elevated heart rate in some individuals.

Q7: Who should avoid epicatechin supplements?
A: Individuals with cardiovascular concerns or gastrointestinal sensitivities should consult a healthcare professional before taking epicatechin supplements.

Q8: Can epicatechin prevent diseases?
A: Current research indicates epicatechin may reduce risk factors for conditions like dementia, stroke, and heart failure, but it is not a replacement for medical treatment.

Q9: How does epicatechin improve physical performance?
A: Epicatechin may enhance nitric oxide utilization, promote muscle differentiation, and increase mitochondrial biogenesis, which can boost exercise capacity and endurance.

Q10: Is epicatechin safe for long-term use?
A: Most studies suggest epicatechin is safe when consumed in moderate amounts through diet or supplements, but long-term effects require further research.